Preliminary location of fast charging stations for EVs along national corridors: a case study

Abstract

The strategic location of fast charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) is essential to enhance the adoption and efficiency of electric mobility. Although previous research has highlighted the importance of integrating energy consumption models with geographic factors to optimize electric vehicle infrastructure, a comprehensive methodology tailored to specific national contexts remains underdeveloped. This study introduces an adaptable methodology that combines longitudinal vehicle dynamics with a spatial distribution based on geographic information systems (GIS) to accurately predict energy consumption and optimize the location of fast charging stations for electric vehicles on a national scale. The four-step approach involves modeling a national origin-destination (OD) matrix, applying the principles of longitudinal vehicle dynamics for energy consumption calculations, determining recharge requirements, and integrating GIS for spatial distribution. The findings reveal that electric vehicles exhibit unique recharging demands influenced by geographic factors, which require a customized approach to the location of fast charging stations. Preliminary locations for fast charging stations were identified in Costa Rica, demonstrating the adaptability of this framework to diverse settings. These results emphasize the importance of considering dynamic energy consumption patterns, geographic factors, and vehicle diversity in infrastructure planning, thereby supporting the development of sustainable transportation networks.